- Hydrochloric Acid
- Molecular Formula: HCL
- UN No.: 1789
- HS No.: 2806100000
- CAS No.: 7647-01-0
- EINECS No.: 231-595-7
- Hazard Class: 8
- Purity: 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
- Appearance: Colorless liquid
Physical and Chemical Properties
Hydrochloric acid, such as boiling and melting points, density, and pH, depend on the concentration or molarity of HCl in the aqueous solution. They range from those of water at very low concentrations approaching 0% HCl to values for fuming hydrochloric acid at over 40% HCl
Hydrogen chloride is an important industrial chemical substance, used in the production of dyes, spices, drugs, various chlorides and corrosion inhibitors. In addition, high-purity hydrogen chloride gas is widely used in the electronics industry, electronic grade hydrogen chloride (purity ≥ 99.999%) is mainly used in the microelectronics industry in the gas phase polishing, epitaxy and etching processes, but also can be used in metal smelting, optical communication and scientific research and other fields.
Storage method
Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. The storage temperature should not exceed 30 °C and the relative humidity should not exceed 85 %. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from alkalis, amines, alkali metals and flammable (combustible) materials, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency response equipment and suitable sheltering materials.
The UN Dangerous Goods Number for hydrochloric acid is 1789, which should be indicated on the container containing it.
Waste disposal method: Neutralize with lye-lime water to produce sodium chloride and calcium chloride, dilute with water and discharge into the wastewater system.
Transportation method
Dangerous Goods No. 81013
UN No.: 1789
Packing category: O52
Packing: Acid-resistant altar or ceramic bottle outside ordinary wooden box or half lattice wooden box; glass bottles or plastic barrels (cans) outside ordinary wooden box or half lattice wooden box; frosted mouth glass bottles or threaded mouth glass bottles outside ordinary wooden box; threaded mouth glass bottles, glass bottles with iron cap and pressure mouth, plastic bottles or metal barrels (cans) outside ordinary wooden box.
Transportation Notes: This product is transported by railroad using rubber-lined steel tank cars or special plastics enterprises with their own tank cars for shipment, before shipment need to be reported to the relevant departments for approval. Railroad transportation should be strictly in accordance with the Ministry of Railways "Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods" in the dangerous goods assembly table for assembly. Packaging should be complete and loading should be stable. During transportation, it should be ensured that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or get damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport with alkali, amine, alkali metal, flammable or combustible materials, edible chemicals and so on. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment. During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to sunlight, rain and high temperature. When transported by road, it should be driven according to the specified routes, and should not stay in residential areas and densely populated areas.
security measure
Health hazards
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (fuming hydrochloric acid) volatilizes acid mist. Both the hydrochloric acid itself and the acid mist corrode body tissues and may irreversibly damage respiratory organs, eyes, skin, stomach and intestines. When hydrochloric acid is mixed with an oxidizing agent, such as the bleaching agents sodium hypochlorite or potassium permanganate, a toxic gas, chlorine gas, is produced.
People often wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the hazards of handling hydrochloric acid, including latex gloves, goggles, corrosion-resistant clothing and shoes. Hydrochloric acid has been classified as a toxic substance by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The danger of hydrogen chloride depends on its concentration.
Hazard prevention and control
Handling Precautions
Hydrochloric acid should be used in conjunction with personal protective equipment. Such as rubber gloves or PVC gloves, goggles, chemical-resistant clothing and shoes, etc., to minimize the danger posed by direct contact with hydrochloric acid. Keep the operation closed and pay attention to ventilation. Mechanize and automate the operation as much as possible. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures.
It is recommended that operators wear self-absorbing filtering gas masks (full face masks), rubberized acid and alkali resistant clothing, and rubberized acid and alkali resistant gloves. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials. Prevent vapors from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with alkalis, amines, and alkali metals. Load and unload lightly to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with emergency equipment for leakage. Empty containers may retain hazardous materials
Acid Mist Treatment
During the use of hydrochloric acid, a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas is generated, and the suction device can be installed at the side of the container, together with fans, acid mist purifiers, air ducts and other equipment and facilities, to discharge the hydrochloric acid mist outdoors for treatment. Acid mist inhibitor can also be added to the hydrochloric acid to inhibit the volatilization of hydrochloric acid mist generation.
Emergency treatment of leakage
Emergency Response: Rapidly evacuate personnel from the leaking contaminated area to a safe area and isolate them, strictly restricting access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive-pressure respirators and anti-acid and alkali work clothes. Do not contact the leak directly. Cut off the source of leakage as far as possible.
Small leaks: mix with sand, dry lime or soda ash. It can also be flushed with large amounts of water, diluted with water and put into the wastewater system.
Large spills: Construct an embankment or dig a pit to contain the spill. Transfer by pump to tanker or special collector, recycle or transport to waste disposal site.
Fire Fighting Measures
Hazardous Characteristics: Reacts with some reactive metal powders and releases hydrogen gas. It can produce highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas when it meets cyanide. Neutralization reaction with alkali, and release a lot of heat. It has strong corrosiveness.
Extinguishing method when hydrochloric acid is present: neutralize with alkaline materials such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, slaked lime, etc. Can also be extinguished with large amounts of water
First Aid
Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing, flush with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes, may apply weak alkaline substance (e.g., lye, soapy water, etc.), seek medical attention.
EYE CONTACT: Immediately lift eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of running water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
INHALATION: Remove quickly from scene to fresh air. Keep airway open. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, administer artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with plenty of water, swallow plenty of raw egg white or milk (baking soda and other medicines are prohibited), seek medical attention.
Hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive and containers need to be labeled with the symbol for corrosive products.
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